Project Description In this project you will work in a team of three to listen closely to the area that surrounds the construction site of what will eventually become the new New School building on 5th avenue. The goal is to begin to listen closely to a complex soundscape and to create a visual manifestation of the sonic experience of your team.
Project Goals
To work in a team to:
manifest through written deliverables a close attention the sonic character of the site
develop and utilize a preliminary vocabulary of sonic effects
collect quantitative and qualitative information about your site.
develop a solution for transforming the sonic site into a visual one.
assign tasks within the team.
determine solutions to a problem
execute a final visual map using the contributions of every team-member.
Stage One – Preliminary experience. In this stage of the project you will spend time experiencing the site and then describing it.
In Class (week 3 – 9/15)
The class gathers at the site.
Everyone puts on a blindfold, stays still and listens.
Each team then selects a guide for their group.
The guide leads his or her team mates from the site to the endpoint of their path (see map for team paths). NO TALKING! Be very careful crossing the street.
The guide is then led, blindfolded, back to the site by his or her unmasked team mates.
Back in class, debrief: Try to describe your experience.
Level one: baggage. Did anything make the experience difficult or hard to relax into? What kinds of cultural, social, media constructs got in the way of your listening?
Level two: what did you hear? What were your impressions? Feel free to be colorful with your descriptions this will help your team to build vocabulary for the next step in the project.
Homework for Stage One
Repeat your walk a second time. Debrief and refine your vocabulary using your Sound Journal to record your notes and make sketches on pages 3 and 4. What terminology can help to explain what you heard? Be sure to respond to the depth and layers of sound, not just the surface!
Repeat your walk a third and final time. For this walk, you should utilize methods to measure the sound that you are hearing. This can mean a number of things. It can include quantity (how many times did you hear a particular sound), it can include time (how long does a particular sound last), it can include volume (how soft or loud is a particular sound). This can be done subjectively with your own comparisons, or you can use tools that you might have at your disposal, for example an decibel level reader to read how loud sounds are, or a a stopwatch to time things.
Stage Two – Turning Sound into Sight In this stage of the project, you work as a team to turn your observations into visual soundmap that records aspects of your listening experience.
Goal of Stage Two
To create a visual representation of your team’s listening experience. This “visual soundmap” must be a translation of your data, vocabulary and measurements. It should communicate the complexity of the sonic environment through visual means.
Possibilities and limitations
The visual soundmap can be two-dimensional; a relief (meaning two-dimensional with three-dimensional elements); or fully three-dimensional.
material choices are open with the exception of digital. No digital work may be included in the final map.
Color may be used, but only to signify the different properties suggested by your collected information and observations.
Process
Review the notes, sketches and data that your team collected in your sound journals. Discuss ways in which the qualities and quantities that you documented can be made visual.
Create sketches that describe your ideas for making the soundmap. (due week 5 – 10/06)
3 sketches per team-member, these must be based on conversations between your team members.
The goal is to have a multitude of different design options.
Format: sketches must be on 8″ x 10′ bristol paper.
All of your team’s sketches must have the same orientation: determine as a team whether all the sketches will be vertical or horizontal.
draft maps can be rough, mocked up in cardboard, newspaper, paint, whatever can get your ideas across in a form that will best communicate the visual direction you intend to take in the final.
the draft map should take advantage of the feedback you received on your sketches and should represent a new iteration of your team’s idea.
“Iterative design isn’t design by trial and error. Iterative design is a process of continually improving not just the design, but also the problem your design is trying to solve.“ – Aza Raskin Toward the perfect paper airplane
draft maps can be smaller that the final visual soundmap.
In this short solo project you are asked to create a listening device for hearing the city.
Your device must be designed however, for listening to a specific KIND of sound.
The example above is an absurd looking contraption created to listen by the Dutch military between World War I and II to listen to enemy airplanes.
Your goal is not to seek enemies, but instead to filter your experience of hearing the city through a specific point of view. By changing your relationship to the sound, you alter its meaning, giving it either more or less impact and presence.
Possibilities and Limitations
Material choices are open.
The kind of material you use however, will alter the way a sound is heard (or not heard).
The shape will also imapact the way that sound is perceived
(see “resonance” and “reflection and absorption” below)
The object must be portable (that rules out the crazy device above!)
The object does not have to be some kind of tube or horn, though it could be.
What are other ways that you could alter the way that you perceive sound?
How does vision, for example effect the way that you hear? How do you create something that amplifies
Getting Started (questions)
What kind of sound would you like to emphasize?
What kind of sound would you like to de-emphasize?
What is the nature of the sound? High? Low? Constant? Sporadic?
Stage 1: Sound Journal: Sketch and concept
Write a brief narrative describing your sound and your preliminary device idea.
Create sketches that explore some possibilities for the shape and construction of your device.
This sketches are exploratory, have fun with it.
Stage 2: Material exploration and construction
Experiment with materials to determine how they impact sound.
You can do this right away by playing with objects and materials.
Construct your object.
This is a quick project and so the final objects can be rough, but they still must have enough integrity to be handled and manipulated by someone else. Additionally, you should avoid flaws that clearly impact the device’s effectiveness in receiving or blocking sounds.
An example of a shift in listening focus
Here’s a recording that I made in which I located the surprising sound of water running through a pipe in the 14th street station. Recorded with Fire2 Field Recorder on my iPhone.
A little bit of science
About resonance
One thing to consider as you experiment, is the way that sound actually works.
There is a complex science behind the way that sound waves are generated, modified, reflected or absorbed by different kinds of materials. This is not a science class or a class on sound engineering so we won’t go too deep!
The shape and material of a surface or an object can greatly impact the way that sound waves interact to generate sound. Ultimately, resonance is the bouncing back and forth of sound waves. The sound waves bounce back on themselves and they form what is called a standing wave. Depending how much the waves change you can actually cancel out some sound waves. This is the basis how the strings on a guitar work.
Some more video examples that help to explain sound. While these films may seem old, they actually are great descriptions of the way that sound works, as well as the way that human hearing works:
- Soundwaves and their Sources (1933) (10min 18sec)
This video describes the way that sound waves are generated and interact.
- Human Ear Anatomy and Physiology: How an Ear Works (1940s)
As the title suggests, this film describes the way that the ear receives and processes sound waves.
The shape, texture and complexity of a surface will effect the way that sound is transmitted. Sound waves bounce off of or are absorbed by different kinds of spaces. The image above is of an anechoic chamber. It is a space designed to completely eliminate echoes.
Audio Examples
Here’s a nice demonstration of the ways that surfaces reflect or absorb sounds.
Click on the little speaker icons when you visit the following link to see what happens:
Reflection of Sound – NDT Resource Center
The description of reflection and absorption is also quite good.
Here’s a recording I made under a staircase at the 77th street entrance of the Museum of Natural History.
You can hear the way that the curved structure promotes echoes from sound reflecting off the hard surfaces. Recorded with Fire2 Field Recorder on my iPhone.
Often when imagining sounds in an urban environment it is the negative aspects related to noise pollution that spring to mind. What are some of the sounds that New Yorkers consider positive aspects of their sonic environment? In this group project you will interview New Yorkers to find out! You will also record the sounds and post them online. They will be added to the online Favorite Sounds map created by the English Sound Artist Peter Cusack.
Collaboration Favorite Sounds is a collaborative exchange project with a group of students in Atlanta who will also record a selection of the “favorite sounds” in their own city. In the next project, called Recreating Atlanta we will work with the sounds from that city.
Radio! Additionally, The New School radio, WNSU and the Georgia State radio station, WRAS are both going to feature this project.
Stage One – Interviews In order to understand what positive soundmarks (as opposed to landmarks) New Yorkers associate with their city, you will need to conduct interviews. Tips and ground rules:
How Many Interviews? Each group must collect information from 15 people.
Who to Interview? Only 5 of your subjects may be students and they cannot be freshmen (in other words, you’ll want to find some people that have a history with the city)
What to ask? It is as simple as it sounds. What is your favorite sound in New York City? It can be big or it can be small. Some examples from London were the “mind the gap” announcement on the Metro, a Bagel Shop on Brick Lane, and the Great Court Of The British Museum.
Be Specific! Ask your, interviewees to be as specific as possible, especially about the location. (Example: “the 4 train pulling into union square station” rather than just “the subway”)
You must get the following info during your interview: – Location where interview took place. – Person’s Name – Person’s Age – Person’s Profession – How long has this person lived in new York? – Where does he/she live? – Snap a photo or do a sketch of this person. (As a gift participants get a special EAR button made from the class ear graphics from week one.)
Create a portrait of each of your interviewees. These will go on a blog that we are sharing with the Atlanta collaborators. Format
Created in Adobe illustrator
Size: 10 inches wide x 8 inches high
Black & white + 1 color
Contains illustration of the person
Contains all of the info you received from him or her.
Saved as pdf and jpeg.
Stage Three – categorize the sounds and vote
As a class, organize the sounds by neighborhood. select the “winning” sounds. Criteria categories: most popular, most specific, most unusual, quietest, noisiest, best possibility of recording the sound.
Divide the sounds among the teams.
Stage Four – Go to record these sounds.
Be sure to test your equipment! Check out equipment as necessary with John.
Conduct recording tests with your partners.
Post your sound to the class Soundcloud drop box. (also easily accessed in the sidebar of this blog!)
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